The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar (USD) and the Real is coming from a period of stability at levels of great devaluation of the Brazilian currency compared to the USD. When analyzing the performance of this indicator in the second quarter of this year, we see a steady fall in the exchange rate, meaning appreciation of the Real to the USD. The average rate for the month of June, the most recent data available, was R$ 4.85/USD, which is the second lowest value if compared to the first semesters of 2022 and 2023. A similar scenario is seen in the analysis of the exchange rate of Canadian dollars (CAD), with a systematic fall in the devaluation of the Real compared to the CAD, and in the comparison between the first semesters of 2022 and 2023, the current year presented in all months a lower rate of conversion of Real to CAD, an average of R$ 3,76/CAD.

When comparing Canada’s share in the purchases of Brazilian products, considering all countries, it is seen that in the 2nd quarter of 2023 Canada contributed 1.6% of the total result, a level almost identical to that presented in the same period in 2022. Conversely, among all countries Brazil bought products from, the share of those coming from Canada fell from 1.9% to 1.5%. in 2023.

There was an increase in the sale of Brazilian manufactured products to Canada, from 47.3% in 2022 to 49.8% in 2023, being the category of products most sold to Canadians. This increase is mainly due to the increase in Canada imports of airplanes and other aerial vehicles, and a rise in the imports of machines such as levelers. The result also comes from a drop in the Brazil’s sale of semi-manufactured items such as golden bullion (gold) and sugar, falling from 44.1% to 41.7%. The share of basic products in Canadian imports remained practically stable, going from 8.6% to 8.5%.

As for Canada exports to Brazil, the value of semi-manufactured products remains the most representative, even with the fall from 72.4% to 61.9% compared to the same period in 2022. On the other hand, Brazil has been importing more manufactured items in 2023 from Canada, having increased in share from 24.4% to 34% this year, caused by the greater purchase of items from the aeronautical, plastics and pharmaceutical industries.

Dos dez principais capítulos no ranking de exportações brasileiras ao Canadá, os que mais se destacam são os produtos relacionados à mineração, como minerais, metais preciosos ou comuns (e suas obras), com um destaque importante para produtos manufaturados como aeronaves e maquinários diversos. Além disso, as exportações de carne apresentaram um resultado relevante no primeiro semestre de 2023.

Chapter 71 – “Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin” follows in 1st in the ranking of imports, with 28% of the total imported to Canada, and down 6% compared to the same period in 2022. The total of more than $730 million is primarily due to two products, as follows.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 1st in the overall ranking: ” Gold: -Other unwrought forms; Bullion doré” – total of US$ 672.3 million imported in the quarter, represents 92% of the chapter and 27% of all that was imported to Canada in the period (+6% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 6th in the overall ranking: ” Gold: bars, wires and solid section profiles” – US$ 53.1 million imported, represents 8% of the chapter and 2.1% of the total imported to Canada in the period (-60%)

· 68th in the overall ranking: ” Waste and scrap of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal; Other” – more than US$ 1.7 million imported in the quarter, a result 40% lower than in 2022.

The most common use of gold is for jewelry (rings, necklaces, watches, etc.), which accounts for almost half of global demand. The remainder of the demand comprises use in investments, as a measure of hedge against the risks of inflation and market volatility, for gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and, to a lesser extent, for technology applications, primarily as a component of microcircuits in a variety of electronic products. The recent scenario of global uncertainty, however, has led many people to seek the monetary security of gold, stimulating the industries of extraction and transformation of raw gold into gold bars.

The trajectory of the gold price in 2023 has shown growth. The gram of gold started the year at US$58.7 rising through the end of Q2 to end at US$61.7.

It is also noticed that the Brazilian participation in this chain is focused on the export of gold in the raw stage, to be refined/industrialized outside the country. Mining is extremely relevant to the Canadian economy, there are several large Canadian mining companies operating in Brazil. In this context, there is great emphasis on the chapters that comprise products of this industry in international trade between the two countries, as highlighted below.

Chapter 28 – “Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes” it also continues to occupy the 2nd place in the ranking, with 25% of everything that was imported to Canada in the period. There was a 22% decrease compared to the same period in 2022, reaching more than US$ 642 million. The total value of the chapter is mainly due to calcined alumina, as follows.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM:

· 2nd overall: Calcined alumina – total of US$ 318.6 million, representing 98% of the chapter and 26% of everything that was imported to Canada in the quarter (-15% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 19th overall: Silicon, other – total of US$ 11.4 million (-31%)

· 23rd overall: Vanadium oxides and hydroxides – divanadium pentoxide – total of US$ 10 million (-22%)

Brazil and Canada are major global players in aluminum production. Alumina is the process of refining crude bauxite, which is then transformed into aluminum. Calcined alumina, or aluminum oxide, is used in the industrial segments for the manufacture of ceramic fibers, refractories, automotive parts, abrasives for polishing and polishing lenses.

The Canadian company Rio Tinto, which owns alumina refineries in Canada, is one of the leading Canadian players with a presence in Brazil. In addition, the Canadian company Largo Resources has vanadium production in Brazil from its mine in Maracás, BA.

Chapter 88 – “Airc

Chapter 88 – “Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof” continues to consolidate its recovery after the pandemic period, occupying the 3rd place in the ranking, reaching US$ 251.6 million in the semester, which is 9.8% of everything Canada bought from Brazil. This value is practically entire represented by two products, as follows.

· 3rd in the overall ranking: “Airplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg” – totaled US$ 242.8 million, represents 97% of the chapter and 10% of everything that was imported to Canada in the semester, with significant growth compared to the same period in 2022, since no export of this product was registered in the first half of 2022.

· 19th in the overall ranking: Parts of airplanes or helicopters, nes – total of $8 million, and 3% of the chapter’s result.

Traditional industry in Brazil and Canada, countries where companies such as Embraer and Bombardier, respectively, are located, aeronautical production has resumed commercial results from the pre-Covid-19 pandemic level. After the moment that greatly restricted the available travel and the production line of aircraft, in 2023 the levels of trade of these products between the countries resumed, both in the flow from Brazil to Canada, and the reverse.

Chapter 72 – “Cast iron, iron and steel”, is 4th in the ranking, with 7% of everything imported by Canada in the semester, showing an increase of 33% compared to the same period in 2022. The value imported totaled US$ 175.4 million, mainly due to three products, as follows.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 5th overall: “Other semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section, which contain, in weight, less than 0.25% of carbon” – a total of US$ 143.2 million, representing 82% of the chapter and 6% of all that was imported to Canada at the end of the second quarter (+60% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 18th overall: “Semi-finished products of alloy steel, other than stainless, nes” – a total of more than US$ 12 million (+636%) compared to the same period in 2022)

· 25th overall: “Ferro-niobium” – total of more than US$ 9.5 million, representing 3% of the chapter and 0.2% of everything that was imported to Canada (-46% compared to the same period in 2022)

Chapter 17 – “Sugars and sugar confectionery” appears 5th in the ranking, with 7% of everything that was imported to Canada in the semester. With a decrease of 18% compared to the same period in 2022, it reached US$170.4 million. The total value of the chapter is mainly due to the following listed products:

Main products in the chapter, by NCM:

· 54th in the overall ranking: “Other cane sugars” – total of US$ 160.4 million, represents 94% of the total imported in the chapter and 6.4% of everything that was imported to Canada at the end of the second quarter (-20% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 34th in the overall ranking: “Other cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose” – total of US$ 5 million, with growth of 65%

· 35th in the overall ranking: Caramels, confectionery, drops, pastilles, and similar products, without cocoa – total of US$ 4.8 million, and 3% of the result of the chapter.

Each year, CCBC promotes a Mission to SIAL Canada – North America’s largest food innovation tradeshow and a privileged gateway to international markets. In addition, CCBC also organizes Business Roundtables focused on the sector, stay tuned for news and follow our calendar!

Chapter 84 – “Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; is ranked 6th and represents 4% of total imports to Canada, with more than $114.6 million imported, up 36% from the first half of 2022. The total value imported in the chapter is distributed among several products, with some highlights to follow.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 10th in the overall ranking: “Other levelers” – $39.8 million, with 35% of the chapter and 1.6% of all that was imported to Canada at the end of the second quarter (+300% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 13th in the overall ranking: “Other Front-end shovel loaders” – accounted for 20% of the chapter, reaching US$ 22.5 million (+49%)

· 15th in the overall ranking: “Bulldozers and angledozers – Track laying” – represented 13% of the chapter, totaling US$ 15.1 million (-18%)

Chapter 26 – “Ores, slags and ash” appears in 7th place in the ranking of imports to Canada, totaling US$ 93.3 million, an increase of 81% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022, with 4% of all imports to Canada. There are two main categories in this chapter.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 7th in the overall ranking: “Nickel ores and their concentrates” – totaled more than US$ 50.7 million, which represents 54% of the chapter and 2% of everything that was imported to Canada in the semester.

· 10th in the overall ranking: ” Aluminum ores and concentrates” – $38.9 million (+16%).

Chapter 09 – “Coffee, tea, mate and spices” rises to 8th in the ranking of imports to Canada, totaling more than US$ 45.8 million, with 2% of all that was imported to Canada in the semester (-36% compared to the same period in 2022). The total value of the chapter is mainly due to a single product, as follows.

Main product in the chapter, by NCM

· 8th in the overall ranking: “Coffee, not roasted: -Not decaffeinated” – the commodity is the top category in the chapter and reached $45.6 million, comprising nearly 100% of the chapter and 1.8% of everything imported to Canada in the semester (-36% over the same period in 2022)

The promotion of imports of Brazilian coffee to Canada is worked by CCBC in trade missions and participation in tradeshows of the sector. Stay tuned for news and follow our calendar!

Chapter 73 – “Articles of iron or steel” reached the 9th place on the list, totaling US$ 44.1 million imported in the quarter, mainly due to two main products:

· 11th in the overall ranking: “Tubes, seamless, of steel. – For well casing, with an outer diameter of 229 mm or less” – US$ 32 million, which represents 73% of the chapter and 1.3% of all that was imported to Canada in the semester (+186% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 26th overall: “Tubes, pipes, and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron (other than cast iron) or steel. – Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines: – Other” – totaled US$ 9 million (+663%) and represented another 20% of the chapter.

Chapter 27 – “Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes” ranks 10th and represents 2% of the total imported to Canada, with more than $41.5 million imported, down 23% compared to the first half of 2022. The total amount imported in the chapter is distributed among the following highlights.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 14th in the overall ranking: “Aviation kerosene” – $19.7 million, with 48% of the chapter and 0.8% of all that was imported to Canada at the end of the second quarter (+0.2% over the same period in 2022)

· 17th in the overall ranking: “Petroleum coke, not calcined” – represented 30% of the chapter, reaching US$ 12.5 million (+217%)

· 27th in the overall ranking: “Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals. -Calcined” – represented 22% of the chapter, totaling US$ 8.9 million (-69%)

Chapter 02 – Meat and edible offal presented a good result, appearing in 11th place in the ranking, with growth of 27%, reaching more than US$ 38 million imported and 1% of the entire tariff imported to Canada.

The main items in the category were:

· 12th in the overall ranking: “Cuts and offal, frozen” – $24.2 million, representing 64 percent of the chapter and 0.4 percent of all that was imported to Canada in the semester (-10 percent over the same period in 2022)

· 22nd in the overall ranking: “Bovine cuts boneless, frozen” – totaled US$ 10.6 million, which represents 28% of the chapter (+270% compared to the same period in 2022)

· 47th in the overall ranking: “Other swine meat, frozen” – totaled US$ 3.1 million, which represents 8% of the chapter (did not record values in the same period in 2022)

The result of chapter 02, an increase compared to 2022, reflects the opening of the Canadian market to the entry of Brazilian beef and pork, announced in March 2022. Respecting some sanitary requirements still imposed, Brazilian producers can now access one of the richest consumer markets in America.

SIAL Canada – the largest food innovation Tradeshow in North America is a very suitable gateway for new products to enter Canada. In addition to promoting mission for SIAL, CCBC also has researches and market studies focused on this product and several others, contact us to know more details!

In the case of Canadian exports to Brazil, of the top ten chapters in the ranking the ones that stand out the most are those that comprise products from the chemical industries such as fertilizer production and pharmaceutical items. It was also seen with a major resumption of imports of aircraft, optical instruments, and industrial and agricultural machinery. Always present on the agenda between Brazil and Canada, exports of plastics, and derivatives from mining also stood out in early 2023. The main highlights are presented below.

Chapter 31 – Fertilizers remains in 1st place in Brazilian exports from Canada, totaling US$ 1.09 billion (-38% compared to the same period in 2022) and representing 61% of all that was exported from Canada to Brazil in the semester. The total exported is mainly due to a single product, with a few more highlights below.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 1st in the overall ranking: ” Potassium chloride – Other” – in addition to being the top category in the chapter, it topped the overall export ranking with more than $1.02 billion (-39% from the end of the second quarter of 2022) and accounted for 94% of the entire chapter and 58% of everything that was exported from Canada in the first half of 2023.

· 2nd in the overall ranking: “Potassium chloride, with a potassium oxide (K2O) content not exceeding 60% by weight” – totaled US$ 58.5 million (-29%), which represents 5% of the chapter and 3% of the total exported from Canada.

· 51st in the overall ranking: ” Animal or vegetable fertilizers, whether or not mixed together or chemically treated; fertilizers produced by the mixing or chemical treatment of animal or vegetable products.” – totaled US$ 2.7 million (+56%), and 0.2% of the total exported from Canada.

Potassium chlorides are widely used as chemical fertilizers in agriculture, an activity very relevant to the Brazilian economy, which was considered essential to food production, and encouraged in times of Covid-19. Canada is one of the world’s leading fertilizer suppliers, with global giants like Nutrien. We also cannot fail to mention that the conflict installed in Eastern Europe since 2022 affects this market, since demand for fertilizers from countries other than Russia has become large.

On a visit to Canada in March 2022, then-Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply Tereza Cristina Dias spoke with local potash-based fertilizer suppliers in search of alternative suppliers to the Russians. The results of trade in 2022, demonstrated in past editions of the CCBC’s QTF, already show that Canadian fertilizers were largely imported by Brazil in 2022 after the Brazilian government representation, and continue to consolidate in 2023.

Chapter 84 – Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, and mechanical appliances; parts thereof, and their parts follows in 2nd place, totaling $175.6 million (-10% compared to the first half of 2022), and representing 10% of all that was exported from Canada at the end of the second quarter. This value is distributed among several items, with some highlights to follow.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 6th in the overall ranking: ” Turbo-jets, turbo-propellers and other gas turbines. – Turbo-jets: – Of a thrust exceeding 25 kN” – more than US$ 25.1 million exported (+88%). It represents 14% of the chapter and 1.4% of everything that was exported from Canada.

· 7th in the overall ranking: ” Other gas turbines: Of turbo-jets or turbo-propellers” – US$ 22.3 million exported (-1% compared to the first half of 2022). It represents 13% of the chapter and 1.3% of everything that was exported from Canada in the period. These turbo reactors are used in aircraft.

· 12th in the overall ranking: ” Agricultural/hortic/forestry/beekeeping machinery, nes, incl germination plant” – US$ 13.6 million exported (-341% compared to 2022). It represents 8% of the chapter and another 0.8% of everything that was exported from Canada in the quarter.

There are still many codes within this chapter that are included in the list of exports, with lower values. These machines vary in their applications, serving, for example, the aeronautical sector, engines for power generation, equipment for agriculture and civil construction, etc. Canadian technologies in the machinery and equipment sector are valued and recognized internationally and this is reflected in the export agenda of the category. Canada has great recognition and

history of relations with Brazil, from the expressive volume of commercial exchange to the investments of Canadian companies settling in the country.

Chapter 39 – Plastics and articles thereof appears in 3rd place, reaching $77.4 million, down 9% from the end of the second quarter of 2022, and representing 6% of the total exported from Canada in 2023. There are three main items in the chapter, with the remainder of the amount distributed in several other items.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 4th in the overall ranking: Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 – US$ 27.2 million exported (-20% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022). It represents 35% of the chapter and 2% of everything that was exported from Canada at the end of the second quarter of 2023.

· 10th in the overall ranking: Polyethylene, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 – with US$ 15.9 million exported (+ 80% of what in 2022). It represents 21% of the chapter and 0.9% of everything that was exported from Canada.

· 16th in the overall ranking: Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms, having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more – totaled more than US$ more than 11.5 million exported in 2023 (+49%). It represents 15% of the chapter and 0.6% of everything that was exported from Canada.

These products are used in the constitution of different types of materials for the manufacture of various segments. With the advancement of food delivery and e-commerce, as well as the increased use of disposable hospital supplies like masks and gloves, plastic consumption took off during the coronavirus pandemic and Canada was a major supplier. The plastic industry in Canada is quite strong, with more than 2,600 companies, 82,000 employees and generating revenue of more than $24 billion for the country, according to the Canadian Plastics Industry Association.

Chapter 88 – Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof resume pre-pandemic levels, coming in 4th in exports by the end of the second quarter of 2023. It totaled more than US$ 75.8 million, down 44% compared to 2022, and represents 4% of the entire Brazilian import tariff from Canada in the semester. The total amount is distributed among three items, highlighted below.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM:

· 3rd in the overall ranking: ” Airplanes and other aircraft, of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg” – totaled US$ 58.2 million exported (-44% than in the same period in 2022). It represents 77% of the chapter and 3.3% of everything that was exported from Canada in the semester.

· 23rd in the overall ranking: ” Landing gear and parts, for aircrafts, etc.” – totaled US$ 6.6 million exported (+211%). It represents another 9% of the chapter and 0.4% of everything that was exported from Canada.

· 28th in the overall ranking: “Helicopters: Of an unladen weight not exceeding 2,000 kg” – with US$ 5.4 million exported (-75% compared to the same period in 2022). It represents 7% of the chapter and 0.3% of everything that was exported from Canada.

As stated earlier, Canada has a strong aerospace industry and some of the companies already have representation and operation in Brazil, such as Bombardier and Bell Helicopter. It is verified that the movement of resumption of production of the aircraft impacted Brazil and Canada practically simultaneously, with the beginning of 2023 representing a return to the strong business relationship between these countries in the aeronautical sector.

Chapter 30 – “Pharmaceutical products” rises to the 5th place in the ranking, an increase of 82% over the same period in 2022, now reaching US$ 49.4 million. The chapter represents 3% of everything that was exported by Brazil from Canada, with the participation of three items, highlighted below.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 8th in the overall ranking: ” Other medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses, containing heterocyclic nitrogenous hetero atoms” – totaled US$ 20.2 million in the semester (+98% compared to the same period in 2022). It represents 41% of the chapter and 1.1% of everything that was exported from Canada by Brazil in the semester.

· 11th in the overall ranking: ” Other medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic use, put up in measured doses, containing heterocyclic compounds, etc” – totaled US$ 14.2 million (+39%). It represents 29% of the chapter and 0.8% of everything that was exported from Canada by Brazil.

· 25th in the overall ranking: ” Immunological products, unmixed, not in measured doses or put up for retail sale” – totaled US$ 5.8 million exported. It represents another 12% of the chapter and 0.3% of all that was exported from Canada.

Exchange rates are one of the main factors that affect exports of pharmaceutical products, and there is a movement of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry with the Brazilian legislature to facilitate the export of pharmaceutical inputs, currently having a bill for this purpose in progress in the Federal Senate.

Chapter 90 – ” Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof” is in 6th place in the ranking, reaching US$ 43.8 million exported, a large increase of 90% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022), and representing 2% of everything that was exported from Canada to Brazil in the semester. The total amount is divided among several items, highlighted below.

· 14th in the overall ranking: ” Optical instruments and appliances, nes” – totaled US$ 12 million exported (+236% compared to the same period in 2022). It represents 27% of the chapter and 0.7% of everything that was exported from Canada to Brazil in the semester.

· 29th in the overall ranking: ” Automatic eletronic controlling instruments and apparatus for motor vehicles, nes” – totaled US$ 5.1 million in 2023 (+72%). It represents 12% of the chapter and 0.3% of everything that was exported from Canada to Brazil.

· 38th in the overall ranking: ” Other devices and instruments for measuring / controlling voltage, etc.” – totaled US$ 3.7 million (+463%), representing another 9% of the chapter and 0.2% of everything that was exported from Canada to Brazil.

The medical equipment sector is strong in Canada and many Canadian companies in this sector are exploring opportunities to reach the Brazilian market.

Chapter 85 – ” Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles” appears in 7th place in the ranking. In total, US$ 39.4 million were exported in items in this chapter, a growth of 26% over the same period in 2022, representing 2.2% of everything that was exported from Canada by Brazil in the semester. The total value is the sum of several items, with some highlights to follow.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 30th in the overall ranking: ” Radio navigational aid apparatus” – totaled US$ 4.7 million in exports (+17%). It represents 12% of the chapter and another 0.3% of everything that was exported from Canada.

· 32nd in the overall ranking: ” Boards, panels, including numerical control panels, for a voltage <=1,000 V” – totaled US$ 4.4 million exported (+88% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022). It represents 11% of the chapter and 0.2% of everything that was exported from Canada in the semester.

Chapter 27 – “Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes” ranks 8th, reaching $31.4 million, down 5 per cent from the end of the second quarter of 2022, and accounting for 2% of Canada’s total exported in 2023. There are two main items in the chapter:

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 5th in the overall ranking: Bituminous coal – US$ 25.2 million exported (+0.4% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022). It represents 80% of the chapter and 1.4% of everything that was exported from Canada at the end of the second quarter of 2023.

· 31st in the overall ranking: Coke with a grain size less than 80 mm – with US$ 4.6 million exported (-31% than in 2022). It represents 15% of the chapter and 0.26% of everything that was exported by Canada.

Chapter 75 – “Nickel and articles thereof” appears in 9th place in the ranking. In total, there were US$ 22.6 million exported in items of this chapter, a growth of 35% compared to the same period in 2022, representing 1% of everything that was exported from Canada to Brazil in the semester. The total value is the sum of the following items.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 9th in the overall ranking: ” Powders and flakes, nickel” – totaled US$ 17.2 million in exports (+68%). It represents 52% of the chapter and another 0.6% of everything that was exported from Canada.

· 47th in the overall ranking: “Nickel, not alloyed” – totaled US$ 2.9 million exported (-17% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022). It represents 13% of the chapter and 0.2% of everything that was exported from

Chapter 76 – “Aluminum and articles thereof” appears in 10th place, reaching $22 million, an increase of 573% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022, and representing 1% of the total exported from Canada in 2023. There are two main items in the chapter.

Main products in the chapter, by NCM

· 15th in the overall ranking: Other sheets and strips, aluminum alloy, thickness > 0.2mm – US$ 11.5 million exported (+782% compared to the end of the second quarter of 2022). It represents 52% of the chapter and 0.6% of everything that was exported from Canada at the end of the second quarter of 2023.

· 17th in the overall ranking: Aluminum waste and scrap – with US$ 9.7 million exported (+602% than in 2022). It represents 44% of the chapter and 0.5% of everything that was exported from Canada.